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A physicist and entrepreneur who cut an imposing figure, he did more than anyone to make optical research a priority in government and corporate budgets.

Understanding how grains flow is vital for everything from landslide prediction to agricultural processing, and scientists aren’t very good at it.

It conveys electricity in the climate of a crisp fall day, but only under pressures comparable to what you’d find closer to Earth’s core.

The New York-based scientist overcame sexism and personal tragedy to make major contributions to the field, for which she received recognition this year.

Decades ago, Armenian scientists built a high-elevation trap to catch and study cosmic rays. Physics has mostly moved on, but the station persists — a ghost observatory with a skeleton crew.

The study of graphene was starting to go out of style, but new experiments with sheets of the ultrathin material revealed there was much left to learn.

The iconic chart of elements has served chemistry well for 150 years. But it’s not the only option out there, and scientists are pushing its limits.

Jessica Wade has added nearly 700 Wikipedia biographies for important female and minority scientists in less than two years.

The hospital technology, typically used to identify human ailments, captured perhaps the world’s smallest magnetic resonance image.